PeruRail and Joshua Logan

The main line between the port of Matarani, Arequipa (the capital of this region is Peru's second largest city), Cusco and Puno on Lake Titicaca was formerly known as the Ferrocarril del Sur (Peru Southern Railway), and was for a time owned and operated by the ENAFER state company. It is the third highest railway in the world after the Qinghai–Tibet Railway to Tibet and the FCCA line Lima Huancayo..

From Cusco, PeruRail provides passenger services on the 3 ft (914 mm) gauge Ferrocarril Santa Ana to Aguas Calientes, delivering tourists for Machu Picchu.

It operates in a 50-50 venture with Belmond Ltd. and Peruvian partner, namely Lorenzo Sousa Debarbieri and son Renzo Sousa, owners of the holding company Peruvian Trains and Railways. Lorenzo Sousa is the Chaiman of the Board of Directors of the company.

Contents 1 Route description 1.1 Passenger routes 2 Trains 2.1 Cuzco-Lake Titicaca 3 Freight 4 Shipping 5 Characteristics 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links

Route description

PeruRail's routes are divided into two sections; there are no tracks through Cusco.

The line between Cusco and Machu Picchu is a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge line, while all other the lines are 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge.

The Cusco to Machu Picchu route, Ferrocarril Santa Ana, boasts a series of five switchbacks called locally 'El Zig-Zag', which enable the train to climb up the steep incline out of Cusco before it can begin its descent to the Sacred Valley and then continue down to Machu Picchu. However, this section of the route is currently suspended, and all trains to Machu Picchu leave from Poroy, just outside Cusco, instead.

From Poroy, the narrow-gauge line goes northwest to Ollantaytambo, where the branch from Urubamba joins, then on to Machu Picchu station in Aguas Calientes. Tracks formerly continued into the jungle, but they were destroyed by recent flooding.

The Cusco-Puno tracks, formerly Ferrocarril del Sur, start at Matarani port, go through Arequipa and enter Puno Region, where the line splits in two at Juliaca. The eastern branch goes to Puno; the western branch runs into Cusco.

Currently it is possible to reach Machu Picchu (actually from the town, Aguas Calientes) by train; hiking along the train tracks is prohibited. Reaching Agua Calientes is also possible by bus from Cuzco until Santa Maria, then by taxi until La Hydroelectrica and finally by walking for 2 hours to Agua Calientes. Taking train from Hydroelectrica to Agua Calientes is also possible. Helicopter services have been suspended indefinitely. In addition to the train, visitors can reach Machu Picchu via several inbound hiking trails, including the Classic Trail (four-day trek) from Cusco, but there is no hiking back the other way on the Inca Trail. Passenger routes Cusco to Machu Picchu Railbus Officials in Aguas Calientes. Railcar of Perurail clearing the track ahead of a regular passenger train from Cusco to Puno.

As of July 2011, there are five passenger routes: Poroy – Machu Picchu Poroy – Machu Picchu (Hiram Bingham) Ollantaytambo – Machu Picchu Urubamba – Machu Picchu Cusco – Puno

Most trains to Machu Picchu operate from Ollantaytambo; there are three times per day to/from Poroy and one to/from Urubamba.

The following passenger routes are no longer operated: Arequipa – Juliaca Cusco – Arequipa (via Juliaca) Cusco – Machu Picchu Trains

On the route from Cusco to Machu Picchu, PeruRail transports the vast majority of visitors and provides several different services.

The Hiram Bingham Pullman, named for Machu Picchu's American discoverer, Hiram Bingham, is the highest service. It departs from Poroy at 9 a.m., later than other departures. Meals, guides, bus service and entrance to the ruins are included. PeruRail Vistadome car interior

Other services include Vistadome services provided by 1965 vintage German Ferrostaal refurbished railcars with large side and overhead windows, allowing views of the mountainous terrain, complete with at-seat refreshments included, and Expedition trains which offer basic service in upholstered seats at a lower price. Snacks are sold and space is provided for backpacks, particularly for Inca Trail hikers.

Although not advertised, PeruRail also offers local trains equipped with wooden seats and that are available only to Peruvian nationals for a fraction of the price charged for tourists.

First class service is also offered on the Andean Explorer train from Cusco to Puno in refurbished coaches that include dining cars and an open-air observation bar car.

The interiors of the First Class coaches on the Cusco to Lake Titicaca trains were designed by James Park & Associates, the same company who designed the elegant First Class cabins for Singapore Airlines. The actual work, however, was done in Cusco by Cusquenian workers. After the refurbishment was completed, a traditional ceremony 'Pago a la Tierra' (payment to Mother Earth), an Andean tradition, was organised to 'bless' the train. A local shaman presided over the ceremony, which involved many traditional rites. Cuzco-Lake Titicaca PeruRail train from Cuzco to Lake Titicaca stops at La Raya pass

At its highest point, La Raya Pass (14°28′59″S 70°59′20″W / 14.48306°S 70.98889°W / -14.48306; -70.98889 (La Raya)), the altitude is 4,313 m (14,150 ft). The train makes a stop in La Raya pass where there is an exquisite view over all the plains to the snowcapped mountains, and a beautiful old chapel, standing all alone in the middle of the Andean plateau. Freight

PeruRail runs daily freight services between the port of Matarani, the city of Arequipa, and the Andean cities of Juliaca, Puno, and Cuzco. Under PeruRail's administration the tonnage transported increased from 460,000 tons during 1999, 573,000 tons in 2000 to 639,000 tons during 2001.

The main products transported by PeruRail are copper concentrates, fuel, wheat (for Peruvian and Bolivian consumption), coal, cement, soya flour from Bolivia, coffee, beer and non-alcoholic beverages. Shipping

The car float Manco Capac operates across Lake Titicaca between PeruRail's railhead at Puno and the port of Guaqui in Bolivia. PeruRail also owns the former ferry SS Ollanta, which was launched on Lake Titicaca in 1931. Ollanta is now refurbished for tourist cruises and PeruRail has leased her out for charter work. Characteristics couplers - AAR brakes - N/A See also Iperú La Raya mountain range Rail transport in Peru Transport in Peru Tourism in Peru Notes ^ "Orient-Express Hotels Ltd (OEH)". Reuters. Retrieved 10 November 2012.  ^ Perurail timetables ^ www.orient-express.com. Retrieved 9 November 2007.

Joshua Logan and PeruRail

Contents 1 Early years 2 Broadway 3 Hollywood 4 Personal life 5 Bibliography 6 References 7 External links

Early years

Logan was born in Texarkana, Texas, the son of Susan (née Nabors) and Joshua Lockwood Logan. When he was three years old his father committed suicide. Logan, his mother, and younger sister, Mary Lee, then moved to his maternal grandparents’ home in Mansfield, Louisiana, which Logan used forty years later as the setting for his play The Wisteria Trees. Logan's mother remarried six years after his father's death and he then attended Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana, where his stepfather served on the staff as a teacher. At school, he experienced his first drama class and felt at home. After his high school graduation he attended Princeton University. At Princeton, he was involved with the intercollegiate summer stock company, known as the University Players, with fellow student James Stewart and also non-student Henry Fonda. During his senior year he served as president of the Princeton Triangle Club. Before his graduation he won a scholarship to study in Moscow with Constantin Stanislavsky, and Logan left school without a diploma. Broadway

Logan began his Broadway career as an actor in Carry Nation in 1932. He then spent time in London, where he "stag two productions ... and direct a touring revival of Camille". He also worked as an assistant stage manager. After a short time in Hollywood, Logan directed On Borrowed Time on Broadway. The play ran for a year, but his first major success came in 1938, when he directed I Married an Angel. Over the next few years he directed Knickerbocker Holiday, Morning's at Seven, Charlie's Aunt, and By Jupiter.

In 1942, Logan was drafted by the U.S. Army. During his service in World War II, he acted as a public-relations and intelligence officer. When the war concluded he was discharged with the rank of Captain, and returned to Broadway. He married his second wife, actress Nedda Harrigan, in 1945; Logan's previous marriage, to actress Barbara O'Neil, a colleague of his at the University Players in the 1930s, had ended in divorce.

After the war, Logan directed the Broadway productions Annie Get Your Gun, John Loves Mary, Mister Roberts, South Pacific, and Fanny. With Thomas Heggen (author of the original novel), Logan shared the Tony Award in 1948 for writing Mister Roberts.

Logan shared the 1950 Pulitzer Prize for Drama with Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II for co-writing South Pacific. The show also earned him a Tony Award for Best Director. Despite his contributions to the musical, in their review the New York Times originally omitted his name as co-author, and the Pulitzer Prize committee initially awarded the prize to only Rodgers and Hammerstein. Although the mistakes were corrected, in his autobiography Logan wrote "I knew then why people fight so hard to have their names in proper type. It's not just ego or 'the principle of the thing,' it's possibly another job or a better salary. It's reassurance. My name had been so minimized that I lived through years of having people praise 'South Pacific' in my presence without knowing I had had anything to do with it."

Logan cowrote, coproduced, and directed the 1952 musical Wish You Were Here. After the show was not initially successful, Logan quickly wrote 54 new pages of material, and by the ninth performance the show looked new. In its fourth week of release, the show sold out, and continued to offer sell-out performances for the next two years. Hollywood

When director John Ford became sick, Logan reluctantly returned to Hollywood to complete the filming of Mister Roberts (1955). Logan's other hit films included Picnic (1955), Bus Stop (1956), Sayonara (1957), and South Pacific (1958). He was nominated for an Academy Award for Directing for Picnic and Sayonara. In 1961, he was a member of the jury at the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. In 1964, he produced and directed the movie Ensign Pulver, a sequel to Mr. Roberts, but it got a lukewarm reception and he later bemoaned that it had not measured up to the original.

His later Broadway musicals All-American (1962) and Mr. President (1962) and the films of Lerner and Loewe's Camelot (1967), and Paint Your Wagon (1969) were less well received. Logan's 1976 autobiography Josh: My Up-and-Down, In-and-Out Life talks frankly about his bipolar disorder. He appeared with his wife in the 1977 nightclub revue Musical Moments, featuring Logan's most popular Broadway numbers. He published Movie Stars, Real People, and Me in 1978. From 1983–1986, he taught theater at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. He was also responsible for bringing Carol Channing to Broadway in Lend an Ear!. Personal life

Logan experienced mood fluctuations for many years, which in the 1970s psychiatrist Ronald R. Fieve treated with lithium, and the two appeared on TV talk shows extolling its virtues.

Logan was married briefly (1939–1940) to actress Barbara O'Neil. After the divorce, he was married to Nedda Harrigan from 1945 until his death from supranuclear palsy in New York City in 1988. Bibliography Logan, Joshua (1976). Josh: My Up and Down, In and Out Life. Delacorte Press, New York. Logan, Joshua (1978). Movie Stars, Real People, and Me. Delacorte Press, New York.
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