Baghmundi (community development block) and Grosch's law

Contents 1 History 1.1 Mythology 2 Geography 2.1 Gram panchayats 3 Demographics 4 Literacy 5 Economics 6 Natural Beauty 7 Culture 7.1 Chhau dance mask 7.2 Radha Govinda temple 8 Sports 9 External links 10 References

History

Jaina Bhagavati-Sutra of 5th century AD mentions that Purulia was one of the sixteen mahajanapadas and was a part of the kingdom known as Vajra-bhumi in ancient times. In 1833, Manbhum district was carved out of Jungle Mahals district, with headquarters at Manbazar. In 1838, the headquarters was transferred to Purulia. In 1956, Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956. Mythology

According to Hindu mythology, Rama and Sita had come to Ayodhya Hill, about 10 kilometres (6 mi) from Bagmundi and stayed during their exile. Sita was thirsty and Ram pierced an arrow through the Earth's soil crust and through that water gushed out. Sita quenched her thirst. The place is known as Sita-kunda. During the full moon day in Baisakh every year tribals of nearby areas come and join in the game of hunting wild animals. Geography

Baghmundi is located at 23°12′N 86°03′E / 23.20°N 86.05°E / 23.20; 86.05.

Baghmundi community development block has an area of 445.05  km2.

The area forms the lowest step of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The general scenario is undulating land with scattered hills. Gram panchayats

Gram panchayats of Baghmundi block/panchayat samiti are: Ajodhya, Baghmundi, Birgram, Burda-Kalimati, Matha, Serengdih, Sindri and Tunturi-Suisa. Demographics

As per 2001 census, Baghmundi block had a total population of 112,388, out of which 57,650 were males and 54,738 were females. Baghmundi block registered a population growth of 13.64 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Purulia district was 13.96 per cent.Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.

Scheduled castes at 13,101 formed around one-tenth the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 28,272, forming around one-fourth the population. Literacy

As per 2001 census, Baghmundi block had a total literacy of 46.95 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 67.61 per cent female literacy was 25.12 per cent. Purulia district had a total literacy of 55.57 per cent, male literacy being 73.72 per cent and female literacy being 36.50 per cent. Economics

Purulia Pumped Storage Project with an installed capacity of 900 MW (4 X 225 MW) is being set up in Ajodhya hills under Bagmundi police station with the loan assistance of Japan Bank for International Cooperation. Natural Beauty

Thousands of tourists come to visit Bagmundi to witness the charm of natural beauty of Ajodhya Hills and Bagmundi dams like Murguma. Culture Chhau dance mask

Chhau dance is popular in the area. All the characters in the dance are required to wear masks and as such cannot express the moods with facial expressions. Such moods are expressed with body and head (with the mask) movements. While mask movements show anger, shoulder and chest movements portray joy, melancholy, courage etc. The masks used in Chhau dance are made in Charida village in the Bagmundi area by sutradharas (artisans), who have been engaged in such work for generations. The artisans, who are familiar with the details of the Indian epics, that form the base of Chhau dance themes, produce masks that bear testimony to their artistic skills. Radha Govinda temple

There is a Radha Govinda temple within Bagmundi Rajbari, dating back to 1733. It is an atchala (eight domed) temple with floral and geometrical terracotta designs but no figures. The rasmancha (stage) of a comparatively new temple has terracotta figures - enthroned Rama and Sita with entourage, Krishna in rasmandala with the gopis, episodes like the holding up of Giri Gobardhan, or the killing of Bakasur, and many secular figures and animals-all crudely modelled. Sports

Pinki Pramanik, an athlete from the remote village of Tilakdih in Bagmundi block, won a gold medal at the 15th Asian Games women's relay in Doha in 2006. She brought her first international medal at the 18th Commonwealth Games women's relay race, by winning silver in Melbourne. She made a golden hat trick at the 10th SAF Games, securing gold in 400, 800 and women's relay. External links Official website of Baghmundi Block Development Office & Panchayat Samiti

Grosch's law and Baghmundi (community development block)

There is a fundamental rule, which I modestly call Grosch's law, giving added economy only as the square root of the increase in speed -- that is, to do a calculation 10 times as cheaply you must do it 100 times as fast.

This adage is more commonly stated as

Computer performance increases as the square of the cost. If computer A costs twice as much as computer B, you should expect computer A to be four times as fast as computer B.

Two years before Grosch's statement, Seymour Cray was quoted in Business Week (August 1963) expressing this very same thought:

Computers should obey a square law -- when the price doubles, you should get at least four times as much speed.

The law can also be interpreted as meaning that computers present economies of scale: the more costly is the computer, the price-performance ratio linearly becomes better. This implies that low-cost computers cannot compete in the market. In the end, a few huge machines would serve all the world's computing needs. Supposedly, this might have prompted Thomas J. Watson to predict at the time a total global computing market of five mainframe computers.

Contents 1 Debates 1.1 Law applied to clusters 2 See also 3 References

Debates

The relevance of Grosch's law today is a debated subject. Paul Strassmann asserted in 1997, that Grosch's law is now "thoroughly disproved" and serves "as a reminder that the history of economics of computing has had an abundance of unsupported misperceptions." Grosch himself has stated that the law was more useful in the 1960s and 1970s than it is today. He originally intended the law to be a "means for pricing computing services." Grosch also explained that more sophisticated ways of figuring out costs for computer installations mean that his law has limited applicability for today's IT managers. However, some scholars have recently rehabilitated Grosch's law, looking at the history of cloud computing and claiming that "Grosch was wrong about the cost model of cloud computing, he was correct in his assumption that significant economies of scale and efficiencies could be achieved by relying on massive, centralized data centers rather than an over-reliance on storage in end units." Law applied to clusters

For clusters, the original Grosch's law would imply that if a cluster contains 50 machines, and it has another 50 added (twice the cost), the resulting 100-machine cluster has a quadruple processing power, which appears on first inspection to be false. Even a linear advance—100-machine cluster twice as powerful as 50-machine—would be a challenge.

However, the Grosch's Law formulation was for a CPU, not a cluster, as clusters introduce lag times due to instruction and execution allocation, software overhead and physical real estate quantum effects. Grosch's Law is not applicable to clusters directly, any more than Horsepower calculations at the engine apply to Horsepower delivered to the wheels in a gas engined car.

When Google was deciding on the architecture for its Web search service, it concluded that scaling up clusters of large or medium-sized computers as the business grew would be too expensive, and opted for arrays of cheap processors and disk drives. See also List of eponymous laws Metcalfe's law Moore's law
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