Godela Habel and Bernard Stewart, 4th Lord of Aubigny

Contents 1 Life and Work 2 Awards 3 Exhibitions 4 Publications 5 References

Life and Work

Godela Habel studied from 1950 to 1953 at the art schools of Wuppertal und der Hanover painting and graphic design. She is known for her paintings and collages. She combines the methods of drawing and painting in her occasionally secretive work and makes allowance for individual associations and interpretations. In February 2000 she displayed at an exhibition about "The Paint Theme" (German: "Thema Farbe" in the Künstlerforum at Bonn some more or less compacted lines and areas on paper and used paint in minutely shaded levels of brown, white and black, which were infiltrated by a hint of red. In the 1990s she completed her work on collages and focuses since then on drawings. She lives and works in Mehren. Awards

Godela Habel obtained 1998 the GEDOK art award with a value of 5,000,-€, which was donated in 1988 as the Dr.-Theobald-Simon-Award by the art lover and patron Gabriele Vossebein in the memory of her father, the former director of the Bitburger brewery. Exhibitions 1982: 7 Artists, Bonn Bad Godesberg 1984: Winter exhibition, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Siegerländer Künstlerinnen und Künstler e.V. 1986: Individual exhibitions in Kunstverein Siegen e.V. Protestant Academy Schmitten-Arnoldsheim and glas museum Rheinbach 1989: Individual exhibition in Gärtnerhaus Bonn 1997: Akquisition of a drawing by Rheinische Landesmuseum Bonn 2000: The Paint Theme, Künstlerforum Bonn 2002: Wechselweise, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Siegerländer Künstlerinnen und Künstler e.V. 2003: Individual exhibition in Betzdorf 2004: Individual exhibition im Gärtnerhaus Bonn 2005: Korrespondenzen, Künstlerforum Bonn 2006: Einzelausstellung in der Theatergemeinde Bonn 2009: Works on Paper, Theatergemeinde Bonn 2014: Collages and Drawings from 14 June until 13 July 2014 in the "Kleiner Kunstraum 21" of Gotthart Eichhorn in Geiselbach Publications Ursula Toyka-Fuong, Petra Rapp-Neumann, Hilla Jablonsky, Ruth Schirmer, Edith Oellers-Teuber, Ula Wienke, Margaret Klare, Ute Jansen, Irene Kulnig, Borghild Eckermann, Godela Habel, Susanne Krell, Elsbeth Tatarczyk-Welte, Victoria Westmacott-Wrede: Ausgezeichnet: Künstlerinnen und Stifterin des Dr.-Theobald-Simon-Kunstpreises. ISBN 3-934532-23-3. (German)

Bernard Stewart, 4th Lord of Aubigny and Godela Habel

Contents 1 Early life 2 Battle of Bosworth 3 Italian wars 4 Later life 5 Marriage and titles 6 References

Early life

Bernard was the grandson of Sir John Stewart of Darnley, who was given the lands of Aubigny-sur-Nere and Concressault by Charles VII of France for his service during the Hundred Years' War. Like his father and grandfather he was high in favour with the French King and was chosen as commander of the royal bodyguard. Because of his family background he was chosen as the envoy to James III of Scotland to announce the accession of King Charles VIII of France. He was also given the task of signing a treaty with the Scots renewing the Auld Alliance which he proceeded to sign on 22 March 1483. Battle of Bosworth

The Lord of Aubigny was also the medium of communication with the section of Scottish lords who favoured Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond in his rebellion against his distant cousin King Richard III of England. Henry was still an exile living in France along with the chief supporters of the House of Lancaster, the experienced John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford and Henry's uncle Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford. They relied heavily on the French king to finance the army and to be able to provide foot soldiers capable of fighting. In 1485 Bernard Stewart was chosen to command the French troops that accompanied the invasion and helped the Earl of Richmond become King Henry VII of England at the Battle of Bosworth Field establishing the Tudor Dynasty. Italian wars

In 1494 Charles VIII of France laid claim to the Kingdom of Naples and sent the Lord of Aubigny to Rome to press his claims to Pope Alexander VI. When Alexander refused to recognize Charles claim to Naples the king raised an army of 25,000 men (including 8,000 Swiss mercenaries) and began his descent into Italy. Stewart received orders from Charles VIII to lead one thousand of the king's cavalry over the Alps and into Lombardy and after taking part with Charles in the conquest of Romagna accompanied him in the triumphal entry into Florence on 15 November 1494. After this victory Stewart was made governor of Calabria and lieutenant-general of the French army.

The French quickly overran the disunited Italian peninsula and arrived in Naples on 21 February 1495, King Ferdinand II of Naples having fled to Sicily at the arrival of the French army. There, in temporary exile, Ferdinand joined his cousin Ferdinand II of Aragon King of Spain and Sicily who offered him assistance to regain his kingdom. In response to Charles' invasion the League of Venice was created which threatened to cut the invading army off in the south while the league occupied the north cutting the line of communications and supply. On 30 May 1495 Charles split his army taking half of his troops northward to fight their way back into France and leaving the rest to hold the recently conquered Neapolitan territories. After hard fighting at the Battle of Fornovo Charles and most of the French army made it safely back to France leaving Stewart and the rest of the army to fight off the expected Spanish invasion.

The Spanish general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba was dispatched from Spain with an army to reinforce the king of Naples. On 24 May 1495 he arrived in the port of Messina in Sicily, only to find that Ferdinand had already crossed over into Calabria with an army and had reoccupied Reggio. De Córdoba himself crossed over to Calabria two days later. He had under his command 600 lances of Spanish cavalry, many of these light jinetes, and 1,500 infantry, many of them Rodeleros swordsmen, to which were added 3,500 soldiers from the Spanish fleet. The size of the Neapolitan army is unclear, but soon was supplemented by 6,000 volunteers from Calabria, who joined the Neapolitan ranks when Ferdinand of Naples landed. De Córdoba’s Spanish contingent was further depleted because he needed to put Spanish garrisons in several fortified places which Ferdinand turned over to Spain in partial compensation for the military aid Spain was providing. Although he was seriously ill with malaria which he had recently contracted, Aubigny lost no time in responding to the allied challenge, quickly consolidating his forces to confront the Neapolitan/Spanish invasion by calling in isolated garrisons throughout Calabria and requesting that Précy reinforce him with the Swiss mercenaries. In the following Battle of Seminara the Spanish and Neapolitan armies were routed by the French cavalry and Swiss pikemen led by the Scotsman Aubigny.

Stewart also took part in the 1499 campaign of King Louis XII of France and upon its successful conclusion was made Governor of Milan with command of the French army that was left behind by the king to garrison the towns of northern Italy. In 1501 he completed the conquest of Naples and was appointed Governor. But after a few successes in Calabria he was completely defeated at the second Battle of Seminara (1503) and became a prisoner at the Castel Nuovo in Naples until he was released by a truce signed on 11 November 1503. Later life

In 1508 he was sent as ambassador to consult King James IV of Scotland about the marriage of Princess Claude of France with the future King Francis I of France. It was as a result of this mission that Aubigny became the subject of two ballads by William Dunbar, "The Ballad of Lord Bernard Stewart" and "Elegy on the Death of Lord Bernard Stewart". James IV made him a member of the Order of St Michael. He died in Scotland at Corstorphine about 12 June 1508.

He was the author of a book on military science, Traité sur l'art de la guerre, reprinted in 1976. Marriage and titles

He married firstly Guillemette de Boucard, secondly Anne de Maumont (died after 1510), Countess of Beaumont-le-Roger, becoming Count (jure uxoris) of Beaumont-le-Roger. He was granted the titles of Count of Arena, Marquis of Squillace, Marquis of Girace and Duke of Terranuova in the Kingdom of Naples.

Aubigny left one child, a daughter named Anne. Anne married her first cousin, Robert Stewart, a future Marshal of France.
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