Cayenne pepper and M. Jayachandran

The cayenne pepper, also known as the Guinea spice, cow-horn pepper, aleva, bird pepper, or, especially in its powdered form, red pepper, is a cultivar of Capsicum annuum related to bell peppers, jalapeños, paprika, and others. The Capsicum genus is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is a hot chili pepper used to flavor dishes. It is named for the city of Cayenne in French Guiana.

The fruits are generally dried and ground, or pulped and baked into cakes, which are then ground and sifted to make the powdered spice of the same name.

Cayenne is used in cooking spicy dishes, as a powder or in its whole form (such as in Korean, Sichuan, and other Asian cuisine), or in a thin, vinegar-based sauce. It is generally rated at 30,000 to 50,000 Scoville units. It is also used as an herbal supplement, and was mentioned by Nicholas Culpeper in his Complete Herbal, 1653, as "guinea pepper", a misnomer for "guiana pepper".

Contents 1 Cultivation 2 Nutrition 3 In cuisine 4 In beverages 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links

Cultivation

Most cultivated varieties of cayenne, Capsicum annuum, can be grown in a variety of locations and need around 100 days to mature. Peppers prefer warm, moist, nutrient-rich soil in a warm climate. The plants grow to about 0.5–1 m (20–39 in) long in height and should be spaced 1 m (3 ft 3 in) apart. In gardens, the plants may be planted as close as 30 cm (1 ft) long apart in a raised bed. This may reduce the yield of an individual plant, but will increase yields per unit area.

Chilis are mostly perennial in subtropical and tropical regions; however, they are usually grown as annuals in temperate climates. They can be overwintered if protected from frost, and require some pruning. Nutrition

Cayenne pepper, by weight, is relatively high in vitamin A. It also contains vitamin B6, vitamin E, vitamin C, riboflavin, potassium, and manganese. However, given the very small amount of cayenne pepper typically consumed in a serving, it makes a negligible contribution to overall dietary intake of these nutrients.

Cayenne pepper consumption dilates the blood vessels and speeds the metabolism due to the high amounts of capsaicin. With the consumption of cayenne peppers, the amount of heat the human body puts off is influenced. In animal studies, capsaicin has the ability to boost metabolism, which in turn causes weight loss. This increases circulation and blood flow to all major organs, facilitating oxygen and nutrient delivery. Cayenne pepper may support a healthy energy balance while suppressing appetite. Capsaicin has been shown to increase energy expenditure, so acts as a metabolism booster and is beneficial in long-term weight loss. A correlation has been shown between substrate oxidation and capsaicin. Capsaicin treatment sustained fat oxidation during weight maintenance, but did not affect on weight regain after modest weight loss.

Cayenne pepper is also claimed to be an aphrodisiac because it contains capsaicin. It has also been shown to aid in the oxidation of adipose tissue, regulate high blood pressure, promote healthy liver function and tissue production, help regulate the digestive system, and promote healthy mucus production in the membranes that line internal organs. In cuisine Cayenne peppers used during the marination of chicken

Cayenne is a popular spice in a variety of cuisines. It is employed variously in its fresh form, dried and powdered, and as dried flakes. It is also a key ingredient in a variety of hot sauces, particularly those employing vinegar as a preservative. Cayenne pepper is often spread on sandwiches or similar items to add a spicy flavor. Buffalo wing sauce often contains cayenne. In beverages

Beverage foods are emerging with cayenne extract as an active ingredient. One example is Bonavitas cayenne pepper energy drinks. See also List of Capsicum cultivars Chili pepper Sialagogue

M. Jayachandran and Cayenne pepper

M. Jayachandran (born 5 April 1971) is a film score composer, singer, and musician in Malayalam films. He has won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director for a record number of six times. In 2005, he also won the state award for best male singer. He has composed music for more than hundred films.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Personal life 3 Filmography 4 Albums (non-film) 5 Awards 6 References 7 External links

Biography

Jayachandran began learning Carnatic music at the age of 5 under Attingal Harihara Iyer and later under Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath. Thereafter, he was a student of Neyyattinkara Mohanachandran for 18 years. He won the Carnatik vocal competition at the Kerala University youth festival four times in a row from 1987 to 1990. He began his career in the film industry as a playback singer for the movie Vasudha in 1992, then became an assistant to Malayalam music director G. Devarajan. In 1995, he became an independent music director through the film Chantha. Personal life

Jayachandran was born to Madhusudhanan Nair and Sukumari Amma on 5 April 1971. He completed electrical engineering graduation from College of Engineering, Trivandrum He had worked at Asianet before taking up full-time music direction. He married Priya on 12 November 1995. He has been on the judging panel of musical reality shows in Malayalam television. Filmography Albums (non-film) Mangalyathaali (Lyrics: Chovvalloor Krishnankutty, Chittoor Gopi, Sreemoolanagaram Ponnan, Singers: Various) Mahamaaya (2005) (Lyrics: Rajeev Alunkal, Singer: K. S. Chithra) Sandhyanjali (2005) (Lyrics: Traditional, Singer: K. S. Chithra) Unnikkannan (2005) (Lyrics: Chowalloor Krishnankutty, Singer: K. S. Chithra) Vandeham Harikrishna (2006) (Lyrics: Gireesh Puthenchery, Singer: K. S. Chithra) Padmam Sree Padmam (2008) (Lyrics: S Ramesan Nair, Singers: M. G. Sreekumar, Radhika Thilak) Aattukal Deviyamma (Lyrics: Various, Singers: Various) Amme Devi Mahamaye (Lyrics: S. Ramesan Nair, Singer: P. Jayachandran) Gopichandanam (Lyrics: S Ramesan Nair, Singer: K. S. Chithra) Haripriya (Lyrics: S Ramesan Nair, Singer: K. S. Chithra) Campus (2002) (Lyrics: Gireesh Puthenchery, S Ramesan Nair, Rajiv Alunkal, Yogesh, Singers: Various) Kudamullapoo (2003) (Lyrics: Gireesh Puthenchery, Singers: K. J. Yesudas, Vijay Yesudas, K. S. Chithra) Iniyennum (2004) (Lyrics: East Coast Vijayan, Singers: Various) Ormakkai (2005) (Lyrics: East Coast Vijayan, Singers: Various) Swantham (2006) (Lyrics: East Coast Vijayan, Singers: Various) Raagolsavam (Lyrics: Pallippuram Mohanachandran, Singers: Biju Narayanan, Srinivas, K. S. Chithra) Thiruvona Paattu (Lyrics: Sreekumaran Thampi, Singers: P. Jayachandran, K. S. Chithra) Awards

Honorary 2012 – Swaralaya Yesudas Award

Kerala State Film Awards: 2003 – Best Music Director – Gourisankaram 2004 – Best Music Director – Perumazhakkalam and Kathavasheshan 2005 – Best Play Back Singer – Nottam (Melle Melle) 2007 – Best Music Director – Nivedyam 2008 – Best Music Director – Madambi 2010 – Best Music Director – Karayilekku Oru Kadal Dooram 2012 – Best Music Director – Celluloid

Asianet Film Awards: 2003 – Best Music Director Award Gourishangaram 2004 – Best Music Director Award Perumazhakkalam, Mambazhakalam 2007 – Best Music Director Award Nivedyam 2011 – Best Music Director Award Pranayam

Filmfare Awards South 2004 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – Perumazhakkalam 2011 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – Pranayam 2014 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – Celluloid

Asiavision Awards 2013 – Asiavision Awards – Best Music Director
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