Michael E. Moseley and Adrian Esquino Lisco

Michael Edward Moseley is an American anthropologist at the University of Florida.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 External links 4 References

Early life

Moseley received his Bachelor of Arts in anthropology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1963, and his Master of Arts and Ph.D. in anthropology from Harvard University in 1965 and 1968, respectively.

Moseley took part in excavation of a Lower Paleolithic (Acheulean) site in Ambrona, Spain, under F. Clark Howell in 1963, a survey and excavation of Cauca Valley sites in Colombia as assistant director of the Cambridge University Second Colombian Expedition in 1964, and an excavation of preceramic and early agricultural sites in central Peru from 1966 to 1967. Career

Moseley served at Harvard as instructor and lecturer from 1968 to 1970 and as assistant and associate professor from 1970 to 1976. He served at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard as assistant curator from 1969 to 1973 and as associate curator from 1973 and 1975. He was director of the Chan Chan-Moche Valley Project in Peru, a survey and excavation of urban and pre-urban sites in the Moche Valley, from 1969 to 1975, and was advisor to the Instituto Nacional de Arqueologia in reconnaissance of Tiwanaku and related sites in the north highlands of Bolivia in 1976 and 1978–1979. He was project director of survey, mapping, and excavation of pre-Hispanic irrigation systems in northern Peru from 1976–1980.

Moseley was a research associate at the University of Chicago from 1980 to 1984 and was curator at the Field Museum of Natural History from 1983 to 1984.

Moseley became a professor at the University of Florida in Gainesville in 1984. He was project director of survey and excavations of historic sites in Tobago from 1989 to 1992 and senior scientist for Programa Contisuyo, exploration of archaeological sites in the Department of Moquegua in southern Peru, from 1980 to present.

Moseley has served on the editorial boards of the journals Geoarchaeology (1986–1993), Latin American Archaeology (1991–1995) and Review of Archaeology (1987–present).

He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 2000 and is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was Dumbarton Oaks Senior Fellow in Pre-Columbian Studies from 1983–1985 and was a Guggenheim Fellow during 1988–1989. Moseley is also a research associate of the Carnegie Museum. He has presented a Horizon television programme on exercise. External links Official website from the University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Adrian Esquino Lisco and Michael E. Moseley

Contents 1 Early life 2 Salvadoran Civil War (1980 - 1992) 3 Death 4 See also 5 References

Early life

Adrian Esquino Lisco was born in Comarca San Ramon, in western Sonsonate Department, El Salvador. He was of indigenous Nahua heritage. Lisco's older brother had been killed during the suppression of the 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising (also called La matanza) by the Salvadoran dictatorship. Lisco was described as a short, soft spoken man who was less than 5 feet tall. He was a farmer and artisan by profession.

Lisco's father founded the Asociación Nacional de Indigenas de El Salvador (ANIS) in 1954. Thr main purpose of the ANIS was to preserve the culture, customs and language of El Salvador's indigenous groups, including the Lenca, Maya and Nahua. The organization generally worked behind the scenes to preserve El Salvador's indigenous heritage. Many indigenous Salvadorans considered it too dangerous to speak their native languages or even wear traditional clothing ever since the massacre that ended the 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising.

Adrian Esquino Lisco inherited the title of spiritual chief in 1976 and became head of the Asociación Nacional de Indigenas de El Salvador. He attended a number of indigenous peoples conferences throughout the late 1970s throughout the world.

Through Lisco's work, the ANIS finally won legal recognition from the Salvadoran government of President José Napoleón Duarte in 1980. Salvadoran Civil War (1980 - 1992)

Adrian Esquino Lisco first appeared in international news coverage of the civil war when he began calling attention to the February 23, 1983 Salvadoran army-led attack on an indigenous farm cooperative in Las Hojas, El Salvador. Salvadoran soldiers captured 74 male villagers, tied their thumbs behind their backs shot them. A Salavadoran federal judge later reported just 18 dead.

An El Salvadoran federal human rights commission, charged with investigating the Las Hojas massacre and other violations, did not accomplish much, reportedly because of pressure from the country's army. The commanders of the Salavadoran troops at Las Hojas were given amnesty in the 1990s as part of a broader Central American peace plan.

Lisco and others blamed wealthy Salvadoran landowners for the atrocity at Las Hojas. Lisco accused influential landownders of using the army to destroy the Las Hojas cooperative. Landownders often considered the farm cooperatives to be subversive, even Communist. Attempts at farm reforms were begun in the late 1970s, but were soon halted, leading to resentment from both peasants and wealthy landowners.

Lisco once had an encounter with Colonel Elmer Gonzales Araujo, one of the leading commanders at Las Hojas. Araujo reportedly told Lisco that his soldiers were defending themselves against "armed subversives." Lisco later told the New York Times that, "I asked the army high command how guerrillas could die with their hands tied behind their backs."

Lisco went to Washington D.C. during the height of the Salvadoran Civil War to draw attention to the war's atrocities. He soon found receptive supporters in the U.S. Congress, most notably Senator Ted Kennedy and U.S. Representative Joe Moakley. His work in Washington put pressure on the Salvadoran government. According to Francisco Acosta, a Salvadoran activist based in Maryland, Lisco's lobbying of Congress led to the release of more than 100 political prisoners from government custody. Death

Adrian Esquino Lisco died of complications from diabetes, including kidney failure, at a hospital in El Salvador's capital, San Salvador on September 8, 2007. He was 68 years old. See also Marina Manzanares Monjarás María Julia Hernández José Castellanos Contreras
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